Cyproheptadine
Indications
- Perenial and seasonal allergic rhinitis
- Vasomotor rhinitis
- Allergic conjunctivitis due to inhalant allergens and foods
- Mild, uncomplicated allergic skin manifestations of urticaria and angioedema
- Amelioration of allergic reactions to blood or plasma
- Cold urticaria
- Dermatographism
Pharmacology
Cyproheptadine is a sedating antihistamine with antimuscarinic, serotonin antagonist and Ca channel blocking properties. It competes with histamine for H1-receptor sites on effector cells in the GI tract, blood vessels and resp tract.
Dosage & Administration
Pediatric Patients:
Age 2 To 6 Years:
Age 2 To 6 Years:
- The total daily dosage for pediatric patients may be calculated on the basis of body weight or body area using approximately 0.25 mg/kg/day or 8 mg per square meter of body surface (8 mg/m2).
- The usual dose is 2 mg two or three times a day, adjusted as necessary to the size and response of the patient. The doe is not to exceed 12 mg a day.
- The usual dose is 4 mg two or three times a day adjusted as necessary to the size and response of the patient. The dose is not to exceed 16 mg a day.
Interaction
May have additive effects with CNS depressants e.g. hypnotics, sedatives, tranquilizers, antianxiety agents. MAOIs prolong and intensify the anticholinergic effects of antihistamines.
Contraindications
Narrow-angle glaucoma, bladder neck obstruction, pyloroduodenal obstruction, symptomatic prostatic hyperplasia, stenosing peptic ulcer. Concurrent use with MAOIs. Debilitated elderly, newborn or premature infants. Lactation.
Side Effects
Confusion, disturbed coordination, dizziness, excitation, euphoria, hallucinations, headache, hysteria, insomnia, irritability, nervousness, restlessness, sedation, seizure, sleepiness, tremor, vertigo, hypotension, palpitation, tachycardia, abdominal pain, anorexia, increased appetite, constipation, diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting, xerostomia, difficult urination, urinary retention, urinary frequency, blurred vision, diplopia, tinnitus, acute labyrinthitis, nasal congestion, pharyngitis, thickening bronchial secretion, paraesthesia, hepatitis, cholestasis, hepatic failure, jaundice, angioedema, photosensitivity, rash, urticaria, fatigue, chills, diaphoresis.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category B. Either animal-reproduction studies have not demonstrated a foetal risk but there are no controlled studies in pregnant women or animal-reproduction studies have shown an adverse effect (other than a decrease in fertility) that was not confirmed in controlled studies in women in the 1st trimester (and there is no evidence of a risk in later trimesters).
Precautions & Warnings
Patient with CV disease including HTN and ischaemic heart disease, increased intraocular pressure, asthma or other chronic breathing disorders, thyroid dysfunction. Pregnancy.
Overdose Effects
Symptoms: CNS depression to stimulation, atropine-like (e.g. dry mouth, fixed, dilated pupils, flushing) and GI symptoms.
Management: Induce vomiting with syrup of ipecac. If unable to vomit, perform gastric lavage followed by activated charcoal. Saline cathartics may be useful for quick dilution of bowel content by osmosis. Vasopressors may be used for hypotension.
Management: Induce vomiting with syrup of ipecac. If unable to vomit, perform gastric lavage followed by activated charcoal. Saline cathartics may be useful for quick dilution of bowel content by osmosis. Vasopressors may be used for hypotension.
Therapeutic Class
Sedating Anti-histamine
Storage Conditions
Store between 15-30°C.
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