Chloramphenicol (Ophthalmic)
Indications
Chloramphenicol is indicated for the
treatment of ocular infections involving the conjunctiva and/or cornea
caused by chloramphenicol-susceptible organisms. Such as Staphylococcus
aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, E.coli, H. influenzae,
Klebsiella/Enterobacter spp, Moraxella lacunata, and Neisseria species.
Pharmacology
Chloramphenicol is a broad-spectrum
bacteriostatic antibiotic which acts through the inhibition of bacterial
protein synthesis by interfering with the transfer of activated amino
acids from soluble RNA to ribosomes.
Dosage & Administration
Adult and Children:
Instill 1 or 2 drops in the conjunctival sac 4-6 times per day for the
first 72 hours and then every 4 hours thereafter. Treatment should be
continued for approximately 7 days, but should not be continued for more
than 3 weeks without re-evaluation by the physician.
Interaction
Chymotrypsin may be inhibited if given simultaneously with Chloramphenicol.
Contraindications
It is contraindicated in individuals with a
history of hypersensitivity to Chloramphenicol or any ingredients of
the preparation.
Side Effects
The systemic adverse reaction has not been
observed within short-term topical use of Chloramphenicol. The most
frequently reported adverse reactions have been burning, stinging,
conjunctival hyperemia, blood dyscrasia, allergic or inflammatory
reactions, vesicular and maculopapular dermatitis.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Safety for use in pregnancy and lactation
has not been established. Therefore, use only when considered essential
by the physicians.
Precautions & Warnings
Chloramphenicol ophthalmic solution should
never be given for minor infections or for prophylaxis. Repeated course
and prolonged treatment should be avoided. Blood dyscrasias
(granulocytopenia, thrombocytopenia and moderate anaemia) may occur
after prolonged ophthalmic use.
Overdose Effects
Accidental ingestion of the medicine is unlikely to cause any toxicity due to low content of antibiotic.
Therapeutic Class
Ear Anti-Infectives & Antiseptics, Eye Anti-Infectives & Antiseptics, Macrolides
Storage Conditions
Store in a cool (between 2°C-8°C) and dry
place, protect from light, keep out of reach of children. Do not touch
the dropper tip to the surface since this may contaminate the solution.
Do not use after 30 days of the first opening.
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